Adams argues that reduced gravity on a smaller Earth explains why dinosaurs grew four to five times larger than any modern mammal. He details how a Tyrannosaurus rex could not have functioned as a predator under current gravity without its neck snapping during turns. On a planet with one quarter the present gravity, these animals would have moved with the agility of modern lions. He also proposes that dinosaurs migrated hemispherically across connected landmasses, a behavior still echoed in modern bird migration patterns.
The discussion covers how growing mountains, separating continents, and changing climate gradually eliminated dinosaur migration routes. Adams connects his theory to broader cosmological implications, suggesting that if Earth grows, then all planets, stars, and the universe itself must also be expanding, challenging the Big Bang model.
Key Moments
Dinosaurs as evidence of lower gravity: Adams argues dinosaurs grew four to five times larger than today's largest mammals because Earth, and therefore gravity, was about a quarter of present-day strength; in today's gravity a Tyrannosaur's head would snap off.
Three-quarters of the Earth was once water?: Adams ridicules the standard reading of plate tectonics in which Pangaea sat on one side of an Earth that was three-quarters water four miles deep, calling out Carey's rejection by science as a geologist outside physics and cosmology.
Continents fit on a smaller Earth: Adams says he and Australian geologist Samuel Warren Carey both pushed the continents back together on the far side of the Earth and they fit, while ocean crust is at most 200 million years old versus 1 to 5 billion for the continents.
Six to eight inches of growth per year: Adams cites Samuel Warren Carey's investigation finding a discrepancy of roughly six and a half to eight inches per year of Earth growth, and complains that one modern team simply 'adjusted for the discrepancy' rather than reporting it.
Pair production as the engine: Asked for the physical mechanism, Adams points to Carl David Anderson's 1932 discovery of the positron and to pair production: matter created from photons everywhere, all the time, which he treats as continuous creation that could grow planets.